Sigma：視黃酸

屬性：

生物來源：synthetic (organic)

質量水平：200

檢測方案：≥98% (HPLC)

形式：powder

技術：cell culture | mammalian: suitable

顏色：yellow

Mp：180-181 °C (lit.)

溶解性：chloroform: 50 mg/mL

儲存溫度：?20°C

說明：

一般描述：

Retinoic acid (RA), a retinoid, exerts a broad range of biological effects. It plays a role in regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and transformed cells, potentially influencing oncogenes.[1] All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is regarded as the most pertinent and functionally active metabolite of Vitamin-A.[2] RA may serve as a type of signal molecule through a nuclear receptor to regulate regional differentiation in the central nervous system. Moreover, at a concentration of 1 nM (with maximal differentiation at 1 µM), RA induces morphological and functional terminal differentiation in a cell line of human promyelocyte leukemia, indicating its potential involvement in the differentiation of specific hematopoietic cells. Additionally, RA can indirectly impact neuronal differentiation by modifying the expression of neuronal cell surface receptors to peptide growth factors.[3]

Furthermore, RA and other retinoids can also inhibit cellular proliferation and stimulate tyrosinase activity in a human melanoma cell line,[4] while also inhibiting cell-substrate adhesion and motility in melanocytes. ATRA plays a vital role in the formation of the mammalian vascular system. Specifically, it regulates endothelial cell proliferation and vascular remodeling throughout tissue angiogenesis.[2]

應用：

視黃酸（RA）已用于胚胎干細胞至運動神經元的分化。[5]

它已用于非洲爪蟾外胚層至胰腺的分化。[6]

它還用于研究由RARα (視黃酸受體α)引起的表觀遺傳學調控。[7]

它已用于研究原初精原細胞向精母細胞轉化的RA信號轉導。[8]

生化/生理作用：

全?反式?視黃酸（ATRA）是視黃酸受體（RAR）和視黃醇類 X 受體（RXR）的配體。所結合的RAR和RXR可作為調節正常細胞和惡性細胞的生長和分化的轉錄因子。細胞色素P450（CYP）可催化ATRA的4-羥基化。視黃酸可使胚胎干細胞成為神經元。

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